Square waves are typically generated by metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) devices due to their rapid on–off electronic switching behavior, in contrast to bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) which slowly generate signals more closely resembling sine waves rather than square waves. Square waves are universally encountered in digital switching circuits and are naturally generated by binary (two-level) logic devices. Its stochastic counterpart is a two-state trajectory. Square waves are often encountered in electronics and signal processing, particularly digital electronics and digital signal processing. A true square wave has a 50% duty cycle (equal high and low periods). The ratio of the high period to the total period of a pulse wave is called the duty cycle. The square wave is a special case of a pulse wave which allows arbitrary durations at minimum and maximum amplitudes. In an ideal square wave, the transitions between minimum and maximum are instantaneous. Problems playing this file? See media help.Ī square wave is a non-sinusoidal periodic waveform in which the amplitude alternates at a steady frequency between fixed minimum and maximum values, with the same duration at minimum and maximum.
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